There are several forms of noun clauses. -기 : 나는 네가 노력하기를 바란다. I hope that you try hard. -ㅁ/음 : 네가 노력하고 있음을 잘 알아. I know that you are trying hard. -ㄴ/는 것 : 네가 노력하고 있는 것을 잘 알아. I know that you are trying hard. The three are interchangeable, but the meanings are slightly different. The ending ‘-기’ implies something that has not yet happened, while the expression ‘-ㄴ/는 것’ and the ending ‘-ㅁ/음’ impl..