한국어 Korean

There are several forms of noun clauses. -기 : 나는 네가 노력하기를 바란다. I hope that you try hard. -ㅁ/음 : 네가 노력하고 있음을 잘 알아. I know that you are trying hard. -ㄴ/는 것 : 네가 노력하고 있는 것을 잘 알아. I know that you are trying hard. The three are interchangeable, but the meanings are slightly different. The ending ‘-기’ implies something that has not yet happened, while the expression ‘-ㄴ/는 것’ and the ending ‘-ㅁ/음’ impl..

There are honorifics for the second-person pronouns, but their usage is different from those of the first-person. In a conversation with someone higher/older than you, you need to lower yourself and heighten the other. That's the reason why you should use '저' instead of '나' in such a situation, and this is what I dealt with in the previous article. First of all, let's figure out the types of sec..

There are several connective endings that link two clauses in the relation of a reason and result, cause and effect, and the basis and following action. -길래(기에) and -ㄴ데/는데 are two of them, and I'd like to show you the difference between them. When using -길래(-기에), the full sentence just expresses a simple fact. The type of sentence is usually a declarative one. 비가 많이 오길래 그냥 집에 있었어. It rained a lo..

https://youtu.be/v4U9aA5ZQDo English translation of its lyrics is under the clip, among the comments 판소리(Pansori) is one of the Korean traditional music. It is said to express Korean people's joys and deep sorrows. 춘향가(Chunhyang-ga) is the most famous song among the Pansori pieces, but the full version is too long--it takes 4 to 5 hours. https://youtu.be/1r5POROszB4 Also, unfortunately, the full..

We've figured out the two critical concepts in personal pronouns in the previous article: the usage of pronouns to compose a sentence and the existence of some particular pronouns used in honorifics. Now, let's see how the first-person pronouns work. [Table 1. Types of first-person pronouns] Forms singular plural ordinary 나 우리(들) honorific 저 저희(들) In plural forms, you can add -들 after 우리 or 저희. ..

Before we start, let's make sure of two basic concepts regarding personal pronouns. 1. Pronouns compose sentences with particles attached behind them. Take '나(I)' for an example. Case Subjective Possessive Objective Possessive Pronoun Reflective English I my me mine myself Korean 내가, 나는 나의 나를 나의 것 나 자신 In English sentences, the location of each word decides its role in a sentence. In Korean howe..

지 refers to the period from the point something happened to the present 그가 떠난 지 3년이 지났다. It has been three years since he left (here). 출발한 지가 언제인데 왜 아직도 도착하지 않은 거야? It has been a while since you left. Why haven't you arrived here yet? 만 refers to the period or distance the preceding noun indicates 그녀는 3년 만에 드디어 그 시험에 합격했다. She finally passed that example in 3 years. 나는 이틀 만에 그 책을 다 읽었다. I read t..

Following the previous article, I will show you some frequently used abstract-dependent nouns. It is hard to find an English word that exactly corresponds to each noun below. I recommend you understand the meaning of each noun, with an English translation for reference only. 수 refers to an ability to do something, or the possibility that something will happen 일을 하다 보면 그럴 수도 있지. Things can happen..

In Korean, there are several dependent nouns that need other words or phrases to modificate them. Let's take a look at some examples. Some dependent nouns represent somewhat abstract concepts. I'll show you some nouns that are frequently used. 것 것[걷]. 1. refers to an object, an event, or a phenomenon abstractly. = thing, one 마실 것을 준비하세요. Prepare something to drink. 저는 밀가루로 된 것은 다 좋아해요. I like an..

Numeral(수사) Numerals represent numbers. There are two flowers in the photo. Each flower has 4 petals. 꽃이 둘 피었다(Two flowers bloomed). 꽃잎이 넷이다(There are four petals). Numerals, like nouns and pronouns, play the main role in sentences. There are two criteria to divide numerals into two groups each. Criterion 1: whether they indicate quantity or order Criterion 2: whether they are from pure Korean w..